Dear Friends & Fellow Investors
Just as Long Steel Bars are needed for Physical Highways FIBER OPTIC CABLES WILL BE NEEDED FOR THE INFORMATION HIGHWAYS
Highways will expand sideways from 2 lane tracks into 10 to 20 lanes Super Highways.
It will also stack up to multi levels
So Calvin called for a Buy on Masteel at 66 sen. So far so Good. Even after Bonus Issues Masteel has surged to over Rm1.60. All who followed Calvin buy Masteel are laughing to the banks.
Now Just as Long Steel Bars are needed for MRT Train Pillars, High Speed Rail Pillars OPCOM's Fiber Optic Cables are needed for the Information highways
The need for wider bandwitch storage will need lots of Optic Fibers.
And for the Increasing Storage of Data - Call centers & Data Centres will stack up Lots & Lots of Fibers
HIGH FIBER COUNTS FACILITATE DATA CENTER
Market Drivers
Data center build-outs continue to grow, driven by the increase in bandwidth demands
and changes in network architectures. As a result, time-to-market needs
for the data center production environment continue to compress. In
addition to these demands, data center managers are struggling to
balance space constraints, rapid deployment timelines and upgrade
scenarios given their staffing levels and funding.
As presented by the Dell’Oro Group at the Ethernet Alliance Forum in
2014, 10GbE switching is the current majority of data center switch
revenue, with 40GbE and 100GbE switch revenue beginning to show growth.
Bandwidth demands will continue to develop, as the majority of
server-port bandwidth currently operates at 10GbE but is moving to 25GbE
and 40GbE. This increase in demand at the server level is driving the
need for 100GbE switch connectivity.
Adoption of network architectures such as spine and leaf as well as
the use of technologies such as parallel optics are driving not only
bandwidth demand, but also the scale of the network, requiring a greater fiber count for the cabling infrastructure.
For spine-and-leaf architectures, each leaf switch in the network
connects using a mesh to every spine switch in the network to provide
increased resiliency. As a result, when this architecture is deployed in
data centers, fiber counts can multiply very quickly compared with traditional three-layer distribution architectures.
In addition, parallel optics uses eight fibers per port instead of the
traditional two fibers per port of duplex applications, such as GbE and
10GbE. Therefore, when deploying parallel technologies, the fiber
counts in your data center structured cabling will increase regardless
of whether you’re using spine-and-leaf or traditional three-layer
architectures.
Although bandwidth demand may come from different sources—such as
support for external clients operating in a cloud-based-services data
center, and internal lines of business for a traditional data center—the
need to offer services more quickly is critical. To support this
effort, the infrastructure must be capable of efficient deployment,
offering rapid transition into production.
Impact on Structured Cabling
Traditional structured cabling deployments in the data center are
based on infrastructure designs using pre-terminated MTP assemblies
ranging from 12 to 144 fibers. To support the growing bandwidth needs as
well as changing technologies and architectures, fiber-count
requirements are also increasing, with spaces in the data center
requiring connectivity to support demands of up to 288 fibers in a
single run—and even fiber counts of 576 fibers in high-density areas.
As these types of deployments become necessary, it’s important to
continue considering the impact of the application, environment and
installation methods required to provide this high-fiber-count
connectivity. Multiple design options enable implementation of high-fiber-count
cabling and connectivity, each supporting scalability and helping the
data center bring services to market quickly.
Application Spaces
As the data center environment evolves, the supporting cables and
connectivity must change as well. Figure 3 shows where connectivity is
required in a data center. High-fiber-count solutions are commonly
needed between the main distribution areas (MDAs) of multiple computer
rooms, or data halls, in a data center building. Within a computer room
or data hall, high-fiber-count cabling can also be deployed between the
MDA and the server rows as well as between the MDA and the data center
core switching racks.
Figure 3: Data center and data center campus areas.Design Considerations
Designing the optical-cabling infrastructure for a data center
requires consideration of many factors, including network architecture
and physical planning of the white space, or data center production
area. The optical cabling can be deployed in a manner that mimics the
network architecture layout. For example, a common practice in many data
center designs is the use of top-of-rack (ToR) switch architectures.
One option in cabling for this type of architecture is to install
dedicated low-fiber-count optical cables to the ToR switch in each
cabinet. Alternatively, the optical cabling can be deployed in a
middle-of-row (MoR) or end-of-row (EoR) topology, using patch cords to
support connectivity from the MoR or EoR structured cabling to the end
equipment. This approach enables consolidation of the optical cabling,
making more-efficient use of rack space and providing pathway-space
savings.
In many legacy data center designs, links requiring more than 12 fibers consist of multiple 12-fiber trunks.
As fiber needs continue to grow, the fiber count of the cabling
deployed in a given pathway has increased; but using a traditional
approach of multiple low-fiber-count cables to accomplish this task is a
challenge for both pathway-space utilization and cable management. To
address these challenges, many data center cabling designs use MTP
trunks with up to 144 fibers. In data centers requiring link deployments
with more than 144 fibers, multiple runs of a 144-fiber cable assembly
are typically installed to achieve the total desired fiber count. For
example, if a link requires 288 fibers from the main distribution area
of the data center to another location, two 144-fiber trunk cables would
be installed. The use of multiple cables can fill the available pathway
space quickly, reducing the physical space capacity for future growth.
An improved approach would include installation of a single
high-fiber-count trunk (e.g., 288 fibers) in place of the multiple
lower-fiber-count trunk cables. Doing so reduces day-one space
requirements, leaving room to grow, as well as reducing the quantity of
trunks, cutting the deployment time.
Figure 4 depicts the space savings across three deployment
scenarios in a 12-inch x 6-inch cable tray with a 50 percent fill ratio:
- 4,440 total fibers using 370 x 12-fiber MTP-MTP Edge trunks
- 13,680 total fibers using 95 x 144-fiber MTP-MTP Edge trunks
- 16,128 total fibers using 56 x 288-fiber MTP-MTP Edge trunks
Figure 4: Comparison of 12-inch x 6-inch basket-tray fill ratios for trunks with different fiber counts.Deployment Solutions
To meet the need for high-fiber-count cable and connectivity
solutions, various implementation options are available. Depending on
the application as well as deployment considerations, each solution has a
target placement in the data center.
MTP connectivity is an important component of the solutions
recommended in high-fiber-count environments. The MTP footprint enables
the lowest total cost of ownership for the implementation of or future
transition to 40/100/200/400GbE networks using parallel optical
technologies. Additionally, installation of cabling with MTP
connectivity allows the deployment of the optical-fiber terminations 12
fibers at a time rather than individual termination of single fiber
strands.
These MTP terminations can then either break out into individual
ports using MTP-LC modules or serve directly as MTP interfaces. Given
variations in infrastructure design, cabling environments and pathway
types, MTP connectivity in backbone cabling can employ multiple methods.
Below are two possibilities:
- Cables that are factory terminated on both ends using MTP connectors (MTP trunk assemblies)—see Figure 5.
- Cables that are factory terminated on one end using MTP connectors and then field terminated at the blunt cable end of an MTP pigtail trunk—see Figure 5.
Figure 5: Types of MTP assemblies.
MTP-MTP Trunk Assemblies
MTP trunk assemblies are used where the entire fiber count is
being landed at a single location at each end of the link—for example,
between the MDA and the server rows or between the MDA and the core
switching racks in a computer room or data hall, as Figure 6 shows.
Additionally, high-fiber-count MTP-MTP trunks also appear between MDAs
of multiple computer rooms or data halls where open tray is the pathway.
Figure 6: MTP-MTP trunk assembly deployed indoors.
MTP Pigtail Trunks
The application for MTP pigtail trunks has two primary use
cases. One is for environments where the pathway won’t allow for a
pre-terminated end with pulling grip to fit through—for example, a small
conduit space (see Figure 7). For instance, this approach is common
when needing to provide connectivity between MDAs of multiple computer
rooms or data halls. Additionally, a deployment using pigtail trunks can
be useful when the exact pathway or route is not fully known,
preventing exact length measurement before ordering of the assembly.
Figure 7: MTP pigtail trunk through a congested pathway and field terminated at the MDA.
MTP pigtail trunks can be terminated in multiple ways. Figure 8
depicts the recommended solution set to maintain MTP connectivity for
the full link. Field terminating a high-fiber-count MTP pigtail trunk
directly with MTP splice-on connectors is recommended when the assembly
is landing at a single cabinet or location.
Figure 8: High-fiber-count MTP pigtail field terminated with MTP splice-on connectors.
An alternative to terminating the MTP pigtail trunk with MTP
splice-on connectors is to splice each leg of the MTP pigtail trunk to
individual 12-fiber MTP pigtail assemblies, or to another MTP pigtail
trunk. This splicing can be done in splice trays installed in a separate
wall or rack-mount splice housing.
Summary
Planning and installing a data center cabling infrastructure for
actual and future needs is a complicated task; but a simple, fast and
easy implementation is within reach. Choosing the best solution will
depend on several factors:
- Application environment: inside or between computer rooms or data halls
- Design requirements: traditional three-layer or spine-and-leaf architecture
- Installation needs: speed of deployment, quality control, pathway type, fiber count, cost, plan for or measure cable routes
- Future proofing: Transition path and future-technology support—for example, parallel optics
By using high-fiber-count trunks as your backbone cabling, you
can combine maximum density with faster installation, lower pathway
congestion and greater efficiency while delivering the bandwidth to meet
today’s needs providing a simpler transition path to
40GbE/100GbE/200GbE and beyond.
Leading article image courtesy of Groman123 under a Creative Commons license
About the Authors
Jennifer Cline is data center market development manager and Luis Abreu is a senior systems engineer for Corning Optical Communications.
Calvin thinks from here
we SEE A VERY HUGE DEMAND FOR OPCOM FIBER OPTIC PRODUCTS. INCREASING
USAGE WILL COME WHEN BANKS USE ONLINE PAYMENTS RATHER THAN CHEQUES. IN
CHINA THEY USE iPHONE TO PAY HAWKER FARES INSTEAD OF CASH. SASBADI IS
TURNING TO E-BOOKS FROM PRINTED BOOKS. IN FUTURE ALL BOOKS ARE E-BOOKS,
ALL PAYMENT CASHLESS, ALL TV & VIDEO CAN BE SCREENED THROUGH FIBERS.
EVEN DYNAQUEST OF DR. NEOH NO LONGER PRINT THE STOCK PERFORMANCE GUIDE.
NOW ALL "IN THE CLOUD" AND ACCESSED THROUGH INTERNET FIBERS
AND HERE IN SINGAPORE CALVIN COMMUNICATES TO TENS OF THOUSANDS IN i3 FORUM THROUGH FIBERS
http://klse.i3investor.com/blogs/www.eaglevisioninvest.com/144858.jsp
